Should altered mental status be ALS or BLS transport?
In emergency medical services (EMS), the decision to transport a patient with altered mental status (AMS) is a critical one. The distinction between Advanced Life Support (ALS) and Basic Life Support (BLS) transport can significantly impact the patient’s outcome. This article aims to explore the factors that should be considered when determining whether a patient with AMS should be transported by ALS or BLS.
Understanding Altered Mental Status
Altered mental status refers to a change in a person’s level of consciousness or awareness. It can be caused by various factors, including head injuries, stroke, intoxication, infection, or other medical conditions. Recognizing AMS is crucial, as it can be a sign of a life-threatening condition that requires immediate medical attention.
ALS vs. BLS Transport
ALS and BLS are two levels of emergency medical care provided by EMS professionals. ALS involves advanced medical skills and equipment, such as defibrillation, advanced airway management, and medication administration. BLS, on the other hand, focuses on basic life support measures, such as CPR, oxygen administration, and monitoring vital signs.
Factors to Consider for Transport Decision
When determining whether a patient with AMS should be transported by ALS or BLS, several factors should be considered:
1. Severity of the altered mental status: If the AMS is severe, such as a loss of consciousness or significant confusion, ALS transport may be necessary to provide advanced medical care.
2. Underlying cause: The underlying cause of the AMS can help determine the appropriate level of care. For example, a patient with a known history of stroke may require ALS transport.
3. Time to hospital: The time it takes to reach the hospital can impact the decision. If the hospital is nearby and the patient’s condition is stable, BLS transport may be sufficient.
4. Availability of resources: The availability of ALS resources, such as paramedics with advanced training and equipment, can influence the decision.
5. Patient preferences: In some cases, the patient’s or family’s preferences may play a role in the transport decision.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the decision to transport a patient with altered mental status by ALS or BLS should be based on a comprehensive assessment of the patient’s condition, underlying cause, and available resources. While ALS transport may be necessary in some cases, BLS transport can be appropriate for patients with stable AMS who are close to a hospital. Ultimately, the goal is to provide the highest level of care to ensure the best possible outcome for the patient.
